WCTN: World Collaborative Textbook of Neurosurgery

Volume V: Surgery for Epilepsy

Last modified by Max Gosey on 2010/06/14 23:13

Part One: HISTORY OF SURGERY OF EPILEPSY

Section I: History of Epilepsy surgery in Western Europe and Nordic countries

Chapter 1: History of epilepsy surgery in UK    
Chapter 2: History of epilepsy surgery in France
Chapter 3: History of epilepsy surgery in Germany
Chapter 4: History of epilepsy surgery in Italy
Chapter 5: History of epilepsy surgery in Switzerland
Chapter 6: History of epilepsy surgery in Ireland
Chapter 7: History of epilepsy surgery in Belgium
Chapter 8: History of epilepsy surgery in Netherlands
Chapter 9: History of epilepsy surgery in Austria
Chapter 10: History of epilepsy surgery in Nordic Countries

Section II: History of Epilepsy surgery in North America

Chapter 11: History of epilepsy surgery in USA
Chapter 12: History of epilepsy surgery in Canada 

Section III: History of Epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe and Latin America

Chapter 13 History of epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe
Chapter 14 History of epilepsy surgery in Latin America

Section IV: History of Epilepsy surgery in Asia

Chapter 15 History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia
Chapter 16 History of epilepsy surgery in India  
Chapter 17 History of epilepsy surgery in Korea  
Chapter 18 History of epilepsy surgery in Thailand  
   

Section V:  History of Epilepsy surgery in Russia, Africa and Middle east

Chapter 19 History of epilepsy surgery in Russia
Chapter 20 History of epilepsy surgery in Africa
Chapter 21 History of epilepsy surgery in Middle East

Part Two: INTRACTABILITY AND THE SURGICAL CANDIDATE

Section VI  Determining Pharmacological Intractability

Chapter 22 Medical intractability in epilepsy
Chapter 23 Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies
Chapter 24 Genetics of the intractable epilepsies   
Chapter 25 The Role of New Antiepileptic Medications in the Determination of Intractability                 
Chapter 26 Intractability in Children and the Role of the Ketogenic Diet                                     
Chapter 27: When to Consider Children with Seizures for Surgery: Role of the Ketogenic diet

Section VII:  The Surgical Candidate

Chapter 28 Informed consent
Chapter 29 Patient selection
Chapter 30 Exclusion criteria
Chapter 31 Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life

SECTION VIII: SURGICALLY TREATABLE EPILEPSY SYNDROMES

Chapter 32 Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies
Chapter 33 Mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 34 Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 35 Role of Surgery in MRI-Normal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 36 Premotor and central lobe epilepsy
Chapter 37 Mesial frontal epilepsy
Chapter 38 Basal frontal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 39 Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy
Chapter 40 Insular epilepsy
Chapter 41 Cingulate epilepsy
Chapter 42 Hypothalamic hamartomas
Chapter 43 Early Surgical Intervention in Children, Arguments for and Arguments against
Chapter 44 Cognitive and Psychosocial Benefits of Early Surgical Intervention
Chapter 45 Epilepsy Has Significant Effects on Social and Educational Development: Implications for Surgical Decisions
Chapter 46 Rasmussen syndrome and the Role of Early Surgery in Rasmussen’s Syndrome
Chapter 47 The Landau–Kleffner Syndrome and The Role of surgery.
Chapter 48 The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and The Role of surgery
Chapter 49 Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery
Chapter 50 Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants

 

Part Three: THE PRESURGICAL WORK UP

 

Section IX:  Presurgical Evaluation

Chapter 51 Pre-surgical evaluation: general principles 

SECTION X: THE SYMPTOMATOGENIC ZONE

Chapter 51 The symptomatogenic zone - general principles
Chapter 52 Auras: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 53 Autonomic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
Chapter 54 Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 55 Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 56 Dialeplic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
Chapter 57 Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 58 Secondary' generalized tonic-clonic seizures

SECTION XI: THE IRRITATIVE ZONE

Chapter 59 The irritative zone: general principles
Chapter 60 Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 61 The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings
Chapter 62 The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone
Chapter 63 Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 64 Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 65 Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering
Chapter 66 Average reference and Laplacian montages
Chapter 67 Automatic detection of epileptic spikes
Chapter 68 Source localization of electroencephalography spikes
Chapter 69 Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines
Chapter 70 Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy

SECTION XII: THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE

Chapter 71 The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats
Chapter 72 Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
Chapter 73 Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations
Chapter 74 Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring
Chapter 75 Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone
Chapter 76 Subdural electrodes
Chapter 77 Stereoelectroencephalography
Chapter 78 DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone
Chapter 79 fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
Chapter 80 Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone
Chapter 81 Automatic detection of epileptic seizures
Chapter 82 'Preictal' predictors of epileptic seizures
Chapter 83 Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal Electroencephalography
Chapter 84 Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes

SECTION XIII: THE EPILEPTIC LESION

Chapter 85 The epileptogenic lesion: general principles
Chapter 86 Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 87 Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes
Chapter 88 Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms
Chapter 89 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy
Chapter 90 Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities
Chapter 91 Multimodal image processing in pre-surgical planning

SECTION XIV: THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT ZONE

Chapter 92 The functional deficit zone: general principles
Chapter 93 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography
Chapter 94 PET in neocortical epilepsies
Chapter 95 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
Chapter 96 Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
Chapter 97 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy
Chapter 98 Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy

SECTION XV: PRE-SURGICAL EVALUATION OF ELOQUENT CORTEX

Chapter 99 Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods
Chapter 100 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area
Chapter 101 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory

SECTION XVI: THE EPILEPTOGENIC ZONE

Chapter 102. The epileptogenic zone: general principles
Chapter 103 Wada test and epileptogenic zone
Chapter 104Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone

Section XVII: Integrative Neuropsychology in the Preoperative Workup of the Epilepsy Surgery Patient

Chapter 105 The use of Neuropsychological Testing to Locate the Epileptogenic Zone
Chapter 106   The Wada Test as a Predictor of Memory Outcome
Chapter 107   Review of the Role of the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) in Memory Assessment and Predicting Memory Outcome Following Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
Chapter 108   The value of Wada Test before Temporal Lobectomy
Chapter 109 The value of Wada Test Prior to Mesial Temporal lobe surgery 

Section XVIII   Neurophysiological Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation

Chapter 110   Sphenoidal Electrodes and their roles Presurgical Evaluations of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 111  The Role of Depth and Subdural Electrodes in the Workup of Surgical Candidates
Chapter 112  The Role of Noninvasive Video-EEG Monitoring
Chapter 113 Ictal Monitoring Is Not Needed in All Temporal Resections for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Chapter 114 Ictal Electroencephalographs Monitoring Before Temporal Resection
Chapter 115  Ictal Semiology and the Presurgical Workup\ Ictal Semiology for Lateralizing Seizures

Section XIX MRI Evaluation in Epilepsy and in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation

Chapter 116   Will fMRI ReplaceVersus the Wada Test
Chapter 117   Preoperative Assessment of Temporal Lobe Function with fMRI
Chapter I18   The Role of MRS in the Evaluation of Patients for Epilepsy Surgery

Section XX  Radiotracer Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation

Chapter 119   Overview of PET in Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 120  Review of Uses of PET in the Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 121  Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Epilepsy
Chapter 122  The Role of Ictal SPECT in the Presurgical Evaluation of Extratemporal Epilepsy

SECTION XXI: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PLACEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ELECTRODES

Chapter 123 Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery
Chapter 124 Placemen! of subdural grids
Chapter 125 Placement of depth electrodes
Chapter 126 Stereoelectroencephalography

SECTION XXII: CORTICAL MAPPING AND ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY

Chapter 127 General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation
Chapter 128 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas
Chapter 129 Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas
Chapter 130 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans
Chapter 131 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas
Chapter 132 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas
Chapter 133 The role of electrtoencephalogram and magnetoencephalographv synchrony in defining eloquent cortex
Chapter 134 Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials
Chapter 135. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex
Chapter 136 Cortical mapping by intra-operative optical imaging
Chapter 137 Functional localization of  the cortex with depth electrodes
Chapter 138 Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography

Part Four: SURGICAL PROCEDURES

Section XXIII   RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR EPILEPSY

Chapter 137  Resective Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Chapter 138

Chapter 138a   Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 138b   Language Mapping for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 138c:   Review of Language Mapping Procedures for Temporal Resections
Chapter 138d:   Language Mapping Is Necessary for Language-Dominant Temporal Resections
Chapter 138e:   When Is Language Mapping Needed for Temporal Resections?
Chapter 138f  Intraoperative Electrocorticography in the Temporal Resection     
Chapter 138g:   Description of the Electrocorticographic Technique for Tailored Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 138K:   The Entorhinal Cortex in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 138L:   It Is Necessary to Include the Entorhinal Cortex in the Temporal Resection 

Chapter 139    The Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy

Chapter 139a:   Review of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Techniques 

Chapter 140: The Role of Surgery in Bitemporal Epilepsy
Chapter 141   Can Resection Ever Be Done in the Language Dominant Hemisphere in Patients with Intact Memory?
Chapter 142   Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy in the Language-Dominant Hemisphere with Normal Recent Memory on Modified Wada Test

Chapter 143  Resective neocortical techniques and lesionectomies in adults

Chapter 143a    Resective neocortical techniques in adults
Chapter 143b    What Is the Best Way to Resect Lesions?
Chapter 143c    Lesionectomy Is Often Adequate for Neocortical Epilepsy
Chapter 143d:   Lesionectomies Should Be Tailored Based on Ictal Recording 

Chapter 144  Resective neocortical techniques in children

Chapter 145  Epilepsy and vascular malformations

Chapter 145a   spectrum of lesions and strategies for management

Chapter 146 Hemispherectomy techniques

Chapter 146a Historical prespective
Chapter 146b   Hemispherectomy: What Is the Best Surgical Approach?
Chapter 146c   Functional Hemispherectomy
Chapter 146d  Peri-insular Hemispherotomy
Chapter 146e   Hemispherical Deafferentation via the Trans-sylvian Keyhole
Chapter 146g   Hemicorticectomy

Section XXIV: NON RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND ELECTRICAL
OR MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT

Chapter 147  Corpus Callosotomy: Indications, Surgical Procedures, and Outcomes

Chapter 147a   Corpus Callosotomy: Its Place in Modern Surgical Decision Making
Chapter 147b  Indications for Corpus Callosum 

Chapter 148  Multiple Subpial Transections

Chapter 148a     Are Multiple Suhpial Transections Effective and Useful?
Chapter 148b:   Multiple Suhpial Transections: A Review and Arguments for Use
Chapter 148c:   Multiple Subpial Transections Are Not Effective or Useful
Chapter 148d: Surgical disconnections of the epileptic zone as an alternative to lobectomy in
pharmacoresistent epilepsy 

Section XXV:  Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Chapter 149

Chapter 149a   History and Overview
Chapter 149b   Vagus Nerve Stimulation experimental data
Chapter 149c   Vagus Nerve Stimulation human data
Chapter 149d   Surgical techniques and complications
Chapter 149e   The Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relative to Other Medical and Surgical Treatments
Chapter 149g   Should VNS Be Considered Before Corpus Callosotomy?
Chapter 149h   Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Effective for Generalized Epilepsy
Chapter 149i    The Antiseizure Effect of VNS Is Mediated by Ascending Pathways

Section XXVI  Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy

Section 150   MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT
Section 150a  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation 

Part Five   OUTCOMES OF EPILEPSY SURGERY

Section XXVII   Outcome Measurement

Chapter 151   What Is the Best Way to Measure Outcome?

Chapter 151a  Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Measurement Requires Comprehensive Assessment 

Chapter 152   How Often Does Surgery "Cure" Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults?
Chapter 153   Altered Ictal Semiology as an Outcome of Temporal Resection 

Section XXVIII   Outcomes of  temporal  lobe Epilepsy Surgery

Chapter 154   Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
Chapter 155   The Role of prospective Randomized, Controlled Trials in Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 156   Surgical Outcome of  MRI-Normal Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Section XXIX   Outcomes of Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery

Chapter 157   Outcome of Neurosurgical Treatment in Nonlesional Extratemporal Epilepsy
Chapter 158   The Limited Role of Resective Surgery in Nonlesional Neocortical Epilepsy 

Section XXX   Psychosocial and Vocational Outcomes:

Chapter 159   A Perspective on Patient Rehabilitation
Chapter 160   Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery
Chapter 161   Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome
Chapter 162   Neuropsychological outcome

Section XXXI   Outcome of epilepsy surgery in children

Chapter 163   Resective surgery in children
Chapter 164   Hemispherotomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
Chapter 165   Does timing of surgery influences the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children 

Section XXXII   Complications as Outcome

Chapter 166   Sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients after epilepsy surgery
Chapter 167   Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
Chapter 168   Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications

Section XXXIII  SURGICAL FAILURES: REOPERATION

Chapter 167   When to consider surgery of epilepsy a failed surgery
Chapter 168   Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation
Chapter 169   Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery

SECTION XXXIV: POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

Chapter 170   Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy
Chapter 171   Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants
Chapter 172   Post-surgical rehabilitation

 

Part SIX: INVESTIGATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TREATMENTS

Section XXXV

Chapter 173   Use of Full-Band EEC for Noninvasive Ictal Localization
Chapter 174   Magnetoencephalography (MEG)  
Chapter 175   Flumazenil PET
Chapter 176   Optical Imaging of Human Neocortical Epilepsy
Chapter 177   Radiosurgery for Intractable Epilepsy
Chapter 178   Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy
Chapter 179   Prospects for Developing Electrical Stimulation of the Cortex for Treatment of Intractable Seizures
Chapter 180   Focal Cortical Cooling 

Part Seven   : NEUROPATHOLOGY AND RESEARCH RELATED TO EPILEPSY SURGERY

Section XXXVI

Chapter 181   Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 182   Pathology of neocortical epilepsy
Chapter 183   Pathology of malformations of cortical development
Chapter 184   etiology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious
and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy
Chapter 185   Etiology of epileptogenic neoplasms
Chapter 186   In vitro neurophysiological studies
Chapter 187   In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy
Chapter 188   Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research

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