WCTN: World Collaborative Textbook of Neurosurgery

Wiki source code of Volume V: Surgery for Epilepsy

Last modified by Max Gosey on 2010/06/14 23:13

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1 = Part One: HISTORY OF SURGERY OF EPILEPSY =
2
3 === Section I: History of Epilepsy surgery in Western Europe and Nordic countries ===
4
5 Chapter 1: [[History of epilepsy surgery in UK>>SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInUK]]
6 Chapter 2: [[History of epilepsy surgery in France>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInFrance]]
7 Chapter 3: [[History of epilepsy surgery in Germany>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInGermany]]
8 Chapter 4: History of epilepsy surgery in Italy
9 Chapter 5: History of epilepsy surgery in Switzerland
10 Chapter 6: History of epilepsy surgery in Ireland
11 Chapter 7: History of epilepsy surgery in Belgium
12 Chapter 8: History of epilepsy surgery in Netherlands
13 Chapter 9: History of epilepsy surgery in Austria
14 Chapter 10: History of epilepsy surgery in Nordic Countries
15
16
17 === Section II: History of Epilepsy surgery in North America ===
18
19 Chapter 11: History of epilepsy surgery in USA
20 Chapter 12: History of epilepsy surgery in Canada
21
22 === Section III: History of Epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe and Latin America ===
23
24 Chapter 13 History of epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe
25 Chapter 14 History of epilepsy surgery in Latin America
26
27 === Section IV: History of Epilepsy surgery in Asia ===
28
29 Chapter 15 History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia
30 Chapter 16 History of epilepsy surgery in India
31 Chapter 17 History of epilepsy surgery in Korea
32 Chapter 18 History of epilepsy surgery in Thailand
33
34
35 === Section V: History of Epilepsy surgery in Russia, Africa and Middle east ===
36
37 Chapter 19 History of epilepsy surgery in Russia
38 Chapter 20 History of epilepsy surgery in Africa
39 Chapter 21 History of epilepsy surgery in Middle East
40
41
42 = Part Two: INTRACTABILITY AND THE SURGICAL CANDIDATE =
43
44 === Section VI Determining Pharmacological Intractability ===
45
46 Chapter 22 Medical intractability in epilepsy
47 Chapter 23 Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies
48 Chapter 24 Genetics of the intractable epilepsies
49 Chapter 25 The Role of New Antiepileptic Medications in the Determination of Intractability
50 Chapter 26 Intractability in Children and the Role of the Ketogenic Diet
51 Chapter 27: When to Consider Children with Seizures for Surgery: Role of the Ketogenic diet
52
53 === Section VII: The Surgical Candidate ===
54
55 Chapter 28 Informed consent
56 Chapter 29 Patient selection
57 Chapter 30 Exclusion criteria
58 Chapter 31 Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life
59
60 === SECTION VIII: SURGICALLY TREATABLE EPILEPSY SYNDROMES ===
61
62 Chapter 32 Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies
63 Chapter 33 Mesial temporal sclerosis
64 Chapter 34 Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy
65 Chapter 35 Role of Surgery in MRI-Normal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
66 Chapter 36 Premotor and central lobe epilepsy
67 Chapter 37 Mesial frontal epilepsy
68 Chapter 38 Basal frontal lobe epilepsy
69 Chapter 39 Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy
70 Chapter 40 Insular epilepsy
71 Chapter 41 Cingulate epilepsy
72 Chapter 42 Hypothalamic hamartomas
73 Chapter 43 Early Surgical Intervention in Children, Arguments for and Arguments against
74 Chapter 44 Cognitive and Psychosocial Benefits of Early Surgical Intervention
75 Chapter 45 Epilepsy Has Significant Effects on Social and Educational Development: Implications for Surgical Decisions
76 Chapter 46 Rasmussen syndrome and the Role of Early Surgery in Rasmussen’s Syndrome
77 Chapter 47 The Landau–Kleffner Syndrome and The Role of surgery.
78 Chapter 48 The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and The Role of surgery
79 Chapter 49 Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery
80 Chapter 50 Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants
81
82
83
84 = Part Three: THE PRESURGICAL WORK UP =
85
86
87
88 === Section IX: Presurgical Evaluation ===
89
90 Chapter 51 Pre-surgical evaluation: general principles
91
92 === SECTION X: THE SYMPTOMATOGENIC ZONE ===
93
94 Chapter 51 The symptomatogenic zone - general principles
95 Chapter 52 Auras: localizing and lateralizing value
96 Chapter 53 Autonomic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
97 Chapter 54 Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
98 Chapter 55 Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
99 Chapter 56 Dialeplic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
100 Chapter 57 Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
101 Chapter 58 Secondary' generalized tonic-clonic seizures
102
103 === SECTION XI: THE IRRITATIVE ZONE ===
104
105 Chapter 59 The irritative zone: general principles
106 Chapter 60 Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone
107 Chapter 61 The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings
108 Chapter 62 The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone
109 Chapter 63 Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone
110 Chapter 64 Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone
111 Chapter 65 Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering
112 Chapter 66 Average reference and Laplacian montages
113 Chapter 67 Automatic detection of epileptic spikes
114 Chapter 68 Source localization of electroencephalography spikes
115 Chapter 69 Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines
116 Chapter 70 Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy
117
118 === SECTION XII: THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE ===
119
120 Chapter 71 The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats
121 Chapter 72 Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
122 Chapter 73 Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations
123 Chapter 74 Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring
124 Chapter 75 Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone
125 Chapter 76 Subdural electrodes
126 Chapter 77 Stereoelectroencephalography
127 Chapter 78 DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone
128 Chapter 79 fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
129 Chapter 80 Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone
130 Chapter 81 Automatic detection of epileptic seizures
131 Chapter 82 'Preictal' predictors of epileptic seizures
132 Chapter 83 Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal Electroencephalography
133 Chapter 84 Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes
134
135 === SECTION XIII: THE EPILEPTIC LESION ===
136
137 Chapter 85 The epileptogenic lesion: general principles
138 Chapter 86 Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis
139 Chapter 87 Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes
140 Chapter 88 Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms
141 Chapter 89 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy
142 Chapter 90 Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities
143 Chapter 91 Multimodal image processing in pre-surgical planning
144
145 === SECTION XIV: THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT ZONE ===
146
147 Chapter 92 The functional deficit zone: general principles
148 Chapter 93 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography
149 Chapter 94 PET in neocortical epilepsies
150 Chapter 95 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
151 Chapter 96 Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
152 Chapter 97 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy
153 Chapter 98 Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy
154
155 === SECTION XV: PRE-SURGICAL EVALUATION OF ELOQUENT CORTEX ===
156
157 Chapter 99 Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods
158 Chapter 100 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area
159 Chapter 101 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory
160
161 === SECTION XVI: THE EPILEPTOGENIC ZONE ===
162
163 Chapter 102. The epileptogenic zone: general principles
164 Chapter 103 Wada test and epileptogenic zone
165 Chapter 104Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone
166
167 === Section XVII: Integrative Neuropsychology in the Preoperative Workup of the Epilepsy Surgery Patient ===
168
169 Chapter 105 The use of Neuropsychological Testing to Locate the Epileptogenic Zone
170 Chapter 106 The Wada Test as a Predictor of Memory Outcome
171 Chapter 107 Review of the Role of the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) in Memory Assessment and Predicting Memory Outcome Following Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
172 Chapter 108 The value of Wada Test before Temporal Lobectomy
173 Chapter 109 The value of Wada Test Prior to Mesial Temporal lobe surgery
174
175 === Section XVIII Neurophysiological Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation ===
176
177 Chapter 110 Sphenoidal Electrodes and their roles Presurgical Evaluations of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
178 Chapter 111 The Role of Depth and Subdural Electrodes in the Workup of Surgical Candidates
179 Chapter 112 The Role of Noninvasive Video-EEG Monitoring
180 Chapter 113 Ictal Monitoring Is Not Needed in All Temporal Resections for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
181 Chapter 114 Ictal Electroencephalographs Monitoring Before Temporal Resection
182 Chapter 115 Ictal Semiology and the Presurgical Workup\ Ictal Semiology for Lateralizing Seizures
183
184 === Section XIX MRI Evaluation in Epilepsy and in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation ===
185
186 Chapter 116 Will fMRI ReplaceVersus the Wada Test
187 Chapter 117 Preoperative Assessment of Temporal Lobe Function with fMRI
188 Chapter I18 The Role of MRS in the Evaluation of Patients for Epilepsy Surgery
189
190 === Section XX Radiotracer Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation ===
191
192 Chapter 119 Overview of PET in Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery
193 Chapter 120 Review of Uses of PET in the Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
194 Chapter 121 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Epilepsy
195 Chapter 122 The Role of Ictal SPECT in the Presurgical Evaluation of Extratemporal Epilepsy
196
197 === SECTION XXI: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PLACEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ELECTRODES ===
198
199 Chapter 123 Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery
200 Chapter 124 Placemen! of subdural grids
201 Chapter 125 Placement of depth electrodes
202 Chapter 126 Stereoelectroencephalography
203
204 === SECTION XXII: CORTICAL MAPPING AND ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY ===
205
206 Chapter 127 General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation
207 Chapter 128 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas
208 Chapter 129 Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas
209 Chapter 130 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans
210 Chapter 131 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas
211 Chapter 132 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas
212 Chapter 133 The role of electrtoencephalogram and magnetoencephalographv synchrony in defining eloquent cortex
213 Chapter 134 Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials
214 Chapter 135. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex
215 Chapter 136 Cortical mapping by intra-operative optical imaging
216 Chapter 137 Functional localization of the cortex with depth electrodes
217 Chapter 138 Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography
218
219
220 = Part Four: SURGICAL PROCEDURES =
221
222 === Section XXIII RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR EPILEPSY ===
223
224 Chapter 137 Resective Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
225
226 ===== Chapter 138 =====
227
228 Chapter 138a Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
229 Chapter 138b Language Mapping for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
230 Chapter 138c: Review of Language Mapping Procedures for Temporal Resections
231 Chapter 138d: Language Mapping Is Necessary for Language-Dominant Temporal Resections
232 Chapter 138e: When Is Language Mapping Needed for Temporal Resections?
233 Chapter 138f Intraoperative Electrocorticography in the Temporal Resection
234 Chapter 138g: Description of the Electrocorticographic Technique for Tailored Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Surgery
235 Chapter 138K: The Entorhinal Cortex in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
236 Chapter 138L: It Is Necessary to Include the Entorhinal Cortex in the Temporal Resection
237
238 ===== Chapter 139 The Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy =====
239
240 Chapter 139a: Review of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Techniques
241
242 Chapter 140: The Role of Surgery in Bitemporal Epilepsy
243 Chapter 141 Can Resection Ever Be Done in the Language Dominant Hemisphere in Patients with Intact Memory?
244 Chapter 142 Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy in the Language-Dominant Hemisphere with Normal Recent Memory on Modified Wada Test
245
246 ===== Chapter 143 Resective neocortical techniques and lesionectomies in adults =====
247
248 Chapter 143a Resective neocortical techniques in adults
249 Chapter 143b What Is the Best Way to Resect Lesions?
250 Chapter 143c Lesionectomy Is Often Adequate for Neocortical Epilepsy
251 Chapter 143d: Lesionectomies Should Be Tailored Based on Ictal Recording
252
253 Chapter 144 Resective neocortical techniques in children
254
255 ===== Chapter 145 Epilepsy and vascular malformations =====
256
257 Chapter 145a spectrum of lesions and strategies for management
258
259 ===== Chapter 146 Hemispherectomy techniques =====
260
261 Chapter 146a Historical prespective
262 Chapter 146b Hemispherectomy: What Is the Best Surgical Approach?
263 Chapter 146c Functional Hemispherectomy
264 Chapter 146d Peri-insular Hemispherotomy
265 Chapter 146e Hemispherical Deafferentation via the Trans-sylvian Keyhole
266 Chapter 146g Hemicorticectomy
267
268 === Section XXIV: NON RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND ELECTRICAL
269 OR MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT ===
270
271 ===== Chapter 147 Corpus Callosotomy: Indications, Surgical Procedures, and Outcomes =====
272
273 Chapter 147a Corpus Callosotomy: Its Place in Modern Surgical Decision Making
274 Chapter 147b Indications for Corpus Callosum
275
276 ===== Chapter 148 Multiple Subpial Transections =====
277
278 Chapter 148a Are Multiple Suhpial Transections Effective and Useful?
279 Chapter 148b: Multiple Suhpial Transections: A Review and Arguments for Use
280 Chapter 148c: Multiple Subpial Transections Are Not Effective or Useful
281 Chapter 148d: Surgical disconnections of the epileptic zone as an alternative to lobectomy in
282 pharmacoresistent epilepsy
283
284 === Section XXV: Vagus Nerve Stimulation ===
285
286 ===== Chapter 149 =====
287
288 Chapter 149a History and Overview
289 Chapter 149b Vagus Nerve Stimulation experimental data
290 Chapter 149c Vagus Nerve Stimulation human data
291 Chapter 149d Surgical techniques and complications
292 Chapter 149e The Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relative to Other Medical and Surgical Treatments
293 Chapter 149g Should VNS Be Considered Before Corpus Callosotomy?
294 Chapter 149h Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Effective for Generalized Epilepsy
295 Chapter 149i The Antiseizure Effect of VNS Is Mediated by Ascending Pathways
296
297 === Section XXVI Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy ===
298
299 Section 150 MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT
300 Section 150a Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
301
302
303 = Part Five OUTCOMES OF EPILEPSY SURGERY =
304
305 === Section XXVII Outcome Measurement ===
306
307 ===== Chapter 151 What Is the Best Way to Measure Outcome? =====
308
309 Chapter 151a Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Measurement Requires Comprehensive Assessment
310
311 Chapter 152 How Often Does Surgery "Cure" Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults?
312 Chapter 153 Altered Ictal Semiology as an Outcome of Temporal Resection
313
314 === Section XXVIII Outcomes of temporal lobe Epilepsy Surgery ===
315
316 Chapter 154 Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
317 Chapter 155 The Role of prospective Randomized, Controlled Trials in Epilepsy Surgery
318 Chapter 156 Surgical Outcome of MRI-Normal Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
319
320 === Section XXIX Outcomes of Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery ===
321
322 Chapter 157 Outcome of Neurosurgical Treatment in Nonlesional Extratemporal Epilepsy
323 Chapter 158 The Limited Role of Resective Surgery in Nonlesional Neocortical Epilepsy
324
325 === Section XXX Psychosocial and Vocational Outcomes: ===
326
327 Chapter 159 A Perspective on Patient Rehabilitation
328 Chapter 160 Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery
329 Chapter 161 Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome
330 Chapter 162 Neuropsychological outcome
331
332 === Section XXXI Outcome of epilepsy surgery in children ===
333
334 Chapter 163 Resective surgery in children
335 Chapter 164 Hemispherotomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
336 Chapter 165 Does timing of surgery influences the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children
337
338 === Section XXXII Complications as Outcome ===
339
340 Chapter 166 Sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients after epilepsy surgery
341 Chapter 167 Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
342 Chapter 168 Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
343
344 === Section XXXIII SURGICAL FAILURES: REOPERATION ===
345
346 Chapter 167 When to consider surgery of epilepsy a failed surgery
347 Chapter 168 Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation
348 Chapter 169 Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery
349
350 === SECTION XXXIV: POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT ===
351
352 Chapter 170 Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy
353 Chapter 171 Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants
354 Chapter 172 Post-surgical rehabilitation
355
356
357
358 = Part SIX: INVESTIGATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TREATMENTS =
359
360 === Section XXXV ===
361
362 Chapter 173 Use of Full-Band EEC for Noninvasive Ictal Localization
363 Chapter 174 Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
364 Chapter 175 Flumazenil PET
365 Chapter 176 Optical Imaging of Human Neocortical Epilepsy
366 Chapter 177 Radiosurgery for Intractable Epilepsy
367 Chapter 178 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy
368 Chapter 179 Prospects for Developing Electrical Stimulation of the Cortex for Treatment of Intractable Seizures
369 Chapter 180 Focal Cortical Cooling
370
371 Part Seven : NEUROPATHOLOGY AND RESEARCH RELATED TO EPILEPSY SURGERY
372
373 === Section XXXVI ===
374
375 Chapter 181 Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis
376 Chapter 182 Pathology of neocortical epilepsy
377 Chapter 183 Pathology of malformations of cortical development
378 Chapter 184 etiology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious
379 and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy
380 Chapter 185 Etiology of epileptogenic neoplasms
381 Chapter 186 In vitro neurophysiological studies
382 Chapter 187 In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy
383 Chapter 188 Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research
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