Wiki source code of Volume V: Surgery for Epilepsy
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1 | = Part One: HISTORY OF SURGERY OF EPILEPSY = | ||
2 | |||
3 | === Section I: History of Epilepsy surgery in Western Europe and Nordic countries === | ||
4 | |||
5 | Chapter 1: [[History of epilepsy surgery in UK>>SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInUK]] | ||
6 | Chapter 2: [[History of epilepsy surgery in France>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInFrance]] | ||
7 | Chapter 3: [[History of epilepsy surgery in Germany>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInGermany]] | ||
8 | Chapter 4: History of epilepsy surgery in Italy | ||
9 | Chapter 5: History of epilepsy surgery in Switzerland | ||
10 | Chapter 6: History of epilepsy surgery in Ireland | ||
11 | Chapter 7: History of epilepsy surgery in Belgium | ||
12 | Chapter 8: History of epilepsy surgery in Netherlands | ||
13 | Chapter 9: History of epilepsy surgery in Austria | ||
14 | Chapter 10: History of epilepsy surgery in Nordic Countries | ||
15 | |||
16 | |||
17 | === Section II: History of Epilepsy surgery in North America === | ||
18 | |||
19 | Chapter 11: History of epilepsy surgery in USA | ||
20 | Chapter 12: History of epilepsy surgery in Canada | ||
21 | |||
22 | === Section III: History of Epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe and Latin America === | ||
23 | |||
24 | Chapter 13 History of epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe | ||
25 | Chapter 14 History of epilepsy surgery in Latin America | ||
26 | |||
27 | === Section IV: History of Epilepsy surgery in Asia === | ||
28 | |||
29 | Chapter 15 History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia | ||
30 | Chapter 16 History of epilepsy surgery in India | ||
31 | Chapter 17 History of epilepsy surgery in Korea | ||
32 | Chapter 18 History of epilepsy surgery in Thailand | ||
33 | |||
34 | |||
35 | === Section V: History of Epilepsy surgery in Russia, Africa and Middle east === | ||
36 | |||
37 | Chapter 19 History of epilepsy surgery in Russia | ||
38 | Chapter 20 History of epilepsy surgery in Africa | ||
39 | Chapter 21 History of epilepsy surgery in Middle East | ||
40 | |||
41 | |||
42 | = Part Two: INTRACTABILITY AND THE SURGICAL CANDIDATE = | ||
43 | |||
44 | === Section VI Determining Pharmacological Intractability === | ||
45 | |||
46 | Chapter 22 Medical intractability in epilepsy | ||
47 | Chapter 23 Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies | ||
48 | Chapter 24 Genetics of the intractable epilepsies | ||
49 | Chapter 25 The Role of New Antiepileptic Medications in the Determination of Intractability | ||
50 | Chapter 26 Intractability in Children and the Role of the Ketogenic Diet | ||
51 | Chapter 27: When to Consider Children with Seizures for Surgery: Role of the Ketogenic diet | ||
52 | |||
53 | === Section VII: The Surgical Candidate === | ||
54 | |||
55 | Chapter 28 Informed consent | ||
56 | Chapter 29 Patient selection | ||
57 | Chapter 30 Exclusion criteria | ||
58 | Chapter 31 Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life | ||
59 | |||
60 | === SECTION VIII: SURGICALLY TREATABLE EPILEPSY SYNDROMES === | ||
61 | |||
62 | Chapter 32 Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies | ||
63 | Chapter 33 Mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
64 | Chapter 34 Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy | ||
65 | Chapter 35 Role of Surgery in MRI-Normal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
66 | Chapter 36 Premotor and central lobe epilepsy | ||
67 | Chapter 37 Mesial frontal epilepsy | ||
68 | Chapter 38 Basal frontal lobe epilepsy | ||
69 | Chapter 39 Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy | ||
70 | Chapter 40 Insular epilepsy | ||
71 | Chapter 41 Cingulate epilepsy | ||
72 | Chapter 42 Hypothalamic hamartomas | ||
73 | Chapter 43 Early Surgical Intervention in Children, Arguments for and Arguments against | ||
74 | Chapter 44 Cognitive and Psychosocial Benefits of Early Surgical Intervention | ||
75 | Chapter 45 Epilepsy Has Significant Effects on Social and Educational Development: Implications for Surgical Decisions | ||
76 | Chapter 46 Rasmussen syndrome and the Role of Early Surgery in Rasmussen’s Syndrome | ||
77 | Chapter 47 The Landau–Kleffner Syndrome and The Role of surgery. | ||
78 | Chapter 48 The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and The Role of surgery | ||
79 | Chapter 49 Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery | ||
80 | Chapter 50 Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants | ||
81 | |||
82 | |||
83 | |||
84 | = Part Three: THE PRESURGICAL WORK UP = | ||
85 | |||
86 | |||
87 | |||
88 | === Section IX: Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
89 | |||
90 | Chapter 51 Pre-surgical evaluation: general principles | ||
91 | |||
92 | === SECTION X: THE SYMPTOMATOGENIC ZONE === | ||
93 | |||
94 | Chapter 51 The symptomatogenic zone - general principles | ||
95 | Chapter 52 Auras: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
96 | Chapter 53 Autonomic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value | ||
97 | Chapter 54 Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
98 | Chapter 55 Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
99 | Chapter 56 Dialeplic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value | ||
100 | Chapter 57 Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
101 | Chapter 58 Secondary' generalized tonic-clonic seizures | ||
102 | |||
103 | === SECTION XI: THE IRRITATIVE ZONE === | ||
104 | |||
105 | Chapter 59 The irritative zone: general principles | ||
106 | Chapter 60 Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
107 | Chapter 61 The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings | ||
108 | Chapter 62 The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone | ||
109 | Chapter 63 Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
110 | Chapter 64 Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
111 | Chapter 65 Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering | ||
112 | Chapter 66 Average reference and Laplacian montages | ||
113 | Chapter 67 Automatic detection of epileptic spikes | ||
114 | Chapter 68 Source localization of electroencephalography spikes | ||
115 | Chapter 69 Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines | ||
116 | Chapter 70 Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy | ||
117 | |||
118 | === SECTION XII: THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE === | ||
119 | |||
120 | Chapter 71 The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats | ||
121 | Chapter 72 Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone | ||
122 | Chapter 73 Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations | ||
123 | Chapter 74 Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring | ||
124 | Chapter 75 Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone | ||
125 | Chapter 76 Subdural electrodes | ||
126 | Chapter 77 Stereoelectroencephalography | ||
127 | Chapter 78 DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone | ||
128 | Chapter 79 fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone | ||
129 | Chapter 80 Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone | ||
130 | Chapter 81 Automatic detection of epileptic seizures | ||
131 | Chapter 82 'Preictal' predictors of epileptic seizures | ||
132 | Chapter 83 Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal Electroencephalography | ||
133 | Chapter 84 Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes | ||
134 | |||
135 | === SECTION XIII: THE EPILEPTIC LESION === | ||
136 | |||
137 | Chapter 85 The epileptogenic lesion: general principles | ||
138 | Chapter 86 Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
139 | Chapter 87 Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes | ||
140 | Chapter 88 Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms | ||
141 | Chapter 89 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy | ||
142 | Chapter 90 Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities | ||
143 | Chapter 91 Multimodal image processing in pre-surgical planning | ||
144 | |||
145 | === SECTION XIV: THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT ZONE === | ||
146 | |||
147 | Chapter 92 The functional deficit zone: general principles | ||
148 | Chapter 93 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography | ||
149 | Chapter 94 PET in neocortical epilepsies | ||
150 | Chapter 95 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits | ||
151 | Chapter 96 Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits | ||
152 | Chapter 97 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy | ||
153 | Chapter 98 Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy | ||
154 | |||
155 | === SECTION XV: PRE-SURGICAL EVALUATION OF ELOQUENT CORTEX === | ||
156 | |||
157 | Chapter 99 Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods | ||
158 | Chapter 100 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area | ||
159 | Chapter 101 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory | ||
160 | |||
161 | === SECTION XVI: THE EPILEPTOGENIC ZONE === | ||
162 | |||
163 | Chapter 102. The epileptogenic zone: general principles | ||
164 | Chapter 103 Wada test and epileptogenic zone | ||
165 | Chapter 104Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone | ||
166 | |||
167 | === Section XVII: Integrative Neuropsychology in the Preoperative Workup of the Epilepsy Surgery Patient === | ||
168 | |||
169 | Chapter 105 The use of Neuropsychological Testing to Locate the Epileptogenic Zone | ||
170 | Chapter 106 The Wada Test as a Predictor of Memory Outcome | ||
171 | Chapter 107 Review of the Role of the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) in Memory Assessment and Predicting Memory Outcome Following Anterior Temporal Lobectomy | ||
172 | Chapter 108 The value of Wada Test before Temporal Lobectomy | ||
173 | Chapter 109 The value of Wada Test Prior to Mesial Temporal lobe surgery | ||
174 | |||
175 | === Section XVIII Neurophysiological Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
176 | |||
177 | Chapter 110 Sphenoidal Electrodes and their roles Presurgical Evaluations of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
178 | Chapter 111 The Role of Depth and Subdural Electrodes in the Workup of Surgical Candidates | ||
179 | Chapter 112 The Role of Noninvasive Video-EEG Monitoring | ||
180 | Chapter 113 Ictal Monitoring Is Not Needed in All Temporal Resections for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | ||
181 | Chapter 114 Ictal Electroencephalographs Monitoring Before Temporal Resection | ||
182 | Chapter 115 Ictal Semiology and the Presurgical Workup\ Ictal Semiology for Lateralizing Seizures | ||
183 | |||
184 | === Section XIX MRI Evaluation in Epilepsy and in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
185 | |||
186 | Chapter 116 Will fMRI ReplaceVersus the Wada Test | ||
187 | Chapter 117 Preoperative Assessment of Temporal Lobe Function with fMRI | ||
188 | Chapter I18 The Role of MRS in the Evaluation of Patients for Epilepsy Surgery | ||
189 | |||
190 | === Section XX Radiotracer Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
191 | |||
192 | Chapter 119 Overview of PET in Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery | ||
193 | Chapter 120 Review of Uses of PET in the Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
194 | Chapter 121 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Epilepsy | ||
195 | Chapter 122 The Role of Ictal SPECT in the Presurgical Evaluation of Extratemporal Epilepsy | ||
196 | |||
197 | === SECTION XXI: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PLACEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ELECTRODES === | ||
198 | |||
199 | Chapter 123 Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery | ||
200 | Chapter 124 Placemen! of subdural grids | ||
201 | Chapter 125 Placement of depth electrodes | ||
202 | Chapter 126 Stereoelectroencephalography | ||
203 | |||
204 | === SECTION XXII: CORTICAL MAPPING AND ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY === | ||
205 | |||
206 | Chapter 127 General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation | ||
207 | Chapter 128 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas | ||
208 | Chapter 129 Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas | ||
209 | Chapter 130 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans | ||
210 | Chapter 131 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas | ||
211 | Chapter 132 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas | ||
212 | Chapter 133 The role of electrtoencephalogram and magnetoencephalographv synchrony in defining eloquent cortex | ||
213 | Chapter 134 Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials | ||
214 | Chapter 135. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex | ||
215 | Chapter 136 Cortical mapping by intra-operative optical imaging | ||
216 | Chapter 137 Functional localization of the cortex with depth electrodes | ||
217 | Chapter 138 Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography | ||
218 | |||
219 | |||
220 | = Part Four: SURGICAL PROCEDURES = | ||
221 | |||
222 | === Section XXIII RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR EPILEPSY === | ||
223 | |||
224 | Chapter 137 Resective Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
225 | |||
226 | ===== Chapter 138 ===== | ||
227 | |||
228 | Chapter 138a Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy | ||
229 | Chapter 138b Language Mapping for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
230 | Chapter 138c: Review of Language Mapping Procedures for Temporal Resections | ||
231 | Chapter 138d: Language Mapping Is Necessary for Language-Dominant Temporal Resections | ||
232 | Chapter 138e: When Is Language Mapping Needed for Temporal Resections? | ||
233 | Chapter 138f Intraoperative Electrocorticography in the Temporal Resection | ||
234 | Chapter 138g: Description of the Electrocorticographic Technique for Tailored Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Surgery | ||
235 | Chapter 138K: The Entorhinal Cortex in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
236 | Chapter 138L: It Is Necessary to Include the Entorhinal Cortex in the Temporal Resection | ||
237 | |||
238 | ===== Chapter 139 The Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy ===== | ||
239 | |||
240 | Chapter 139a: Review of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Techniques | ||
241 | |||
242 | Chapter 140: The Role of Surgery in Bitemporal Epilepsy | ||
243 | Chapter 141 Can Resection Ever Be Done in the Language Dominant Hemisphere in Patients with Intact Memory? | ||
244 | Chapter 142 Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy in the Language-Dominant Hemisphere with Normal Recent Memory on Modified Wada Test | ||
245 | |||
246 | ===== Chapter 143 Resective neocortical techniques and lesionectomies in adults ===== | ||
247 | |||
248 | Chapter 143a Resective neocortical techniques in adults | ||
249 | Chapter 143b What Is the Best Way to Resect Lesions? | ||
250 | Chapter 143c Lesionectomy Is Often Adequate for Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
251 | Chapter 143d: Lesionectomies Should Be Tailored Based on Ictal Recording | ||
252 | |||
253 | Chapter 144 Resective neocortical techniques in children | ||
254 | |||
255 | ===== Chapter 145 Epilepsy and vascular malformations ===== | ||
256 | |||
257 | Chapter 145a spectrum of lesions and strategies for management | ||
258 | |||
259 | ===== Chapter 146 Hemispherectomy techniques ===== | ||
260 | |||
261 | Chapter 146a Historical prespective | ||
262 | Chapter 146b Hemispherectomy: What Is the Best Surgical Approach? | ||
263 | Chapter 146c Functional Hemispherectomy | ||
264 | Chapter 146d Peri-insular Hemispherotomy | ||
265 | Chapter 146e Hemispherical Deafferentation via the Trans-sylvian Keyhole | ||
266 | Chapter 146g Hemicorticectomy | ||
267 | |||
268 | === Section XXIV: NON RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND ELECTRICAL | ||
269 | OR MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT === | ||
270 | |||
271 | ===== Chapter 147 Corpus Callosotomy: Indications, Surgical Procedures, and Outcomes ===== | ||
272 | |||
273 | Chapter 147a Corpus Callosotomy: Its Place in Modern Surgical Decision Making | ||
274 | Chapter 147b Indications for Corpus Callosum | ||
275 | |||
276 | ===== Chapter 148 Multiple Subpial Transections ===== | ||
277 | |||
278 | Chapter 148a Are Multiple Suhpial Transections Effective and Useful? | ||
279 | Chapter 148b: Multiple Suhpial Transections: A Review and Arguments for Use | ||
280 | Chapter 148c: Multiple Subpial Transections Are Not Effective or Useful | ||
281 | Chapter 148d: Surgical disconnections of the epileptic zone as an alternative to lobectomy in | ||
282 | pharmacoresistent epilepsy | ||
283 | |||
284 | === Section XXV: Vagus Nerve Stimulation === | ||
285 | |||
286 | ===== Chapter 149 ===== | ||
287 | |||
288 | Chapter 149a History and Overview | ||
289 | Chapter 149b Vagus Nerve Stimulation experimental data | ||
290 | Chapter 149c Vagus Nerve Stimulation human data | ||
291 | Chapter 149d Surgical techniques and complications | ||
292 | Chapter 149e The Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relative to Other Medical and Surgical Treatments | ||
293 | Chapter 149g Should VNS Be Considered Before Corpus Callosotomy? | ||
294 | Chapter 149h Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Effective for Generalized Epilepsy | ||
295 | Chapter 149i The Antiseizure Effect of VNS Is Mediated by Ascending Pathways | ||
296 | |||
297 | === Section XXVI Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy === | ||
298 | |||
299 | Section 150 MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT | ||
300 | Section 150a Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation | ||
301 | |||
302 | |||
303 | = Part Five OUTCOMES OF EPILEPSY SURGERY = | ||
304 | |||
305 | === Section XXVII Outcome Measurement === | ||
306 | |||
307 | ===== Chapter 151 What Is the Best Way to Measure Outcome? ===== | ||
308 | |||
309 | Chapter 151a Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Measurement Requires Comprehensive Assessment | ||
310 | |||
311 | Chapter 152 How Often Does Surgery "Cure" Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults? | ||
312 | Chapter 153 Altered Ictal Semiology as an Outcome of Temporal Resection | ||
313 | |||
314 | === Section XXVIII Outcomes of temporal lobe Epilepsy Surgery === | ||
315 | |||
316 | Chapter 154 Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency | ||
317 | Chapter 155 The Role of prospective Randomized, Controlled Trials in Epilepsy Surgery | ||
318 | Chapter 156 Surgical Outcome of MRI-Normal Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
319 | |||
320 | === Section XXIX Outcomes of Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery === | ||
321 | |||
322 | Chapter 157 Outcome of Neurosurgical Treatment in Nonlesional Extratemporal Epilepsy | ||
323 | Chapter 158 The Limited Role of Resective Surgery in Nonlesional Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
324 | |||
325 | === Section XXX Psychosocial and Vocational Outcomes: === | ||
326 | |||
327 | Chapter 159 A Perspective on Patient Rehabilitation | ||
328 | Chapter 160 Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery | ||
329 | Chapter 161 Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome | ||
330 | Chapter 162 Neuropsychological outcome | ||
331 | |||
332 | === Section XXXI Outcome of epilepsy surgery in children === | ||
333 | |||
334 | Chapter 163 Resective surgery in children | ||
335 | Chapter 164 Hemispherotomy: post-surgical seizure frequency | ||
336 | Chapter 165 Does timing of surgery influences the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children | ||
337 | |||
338 | === Section XXXII Complications as Outcome === | ||
339 | |||
340 | Chapter 166 Sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients after epilepsy surgery | ||
341 | Chapter 167 Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications | ||
342 | Chapter 168 Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications | ||
343 | |||
344 | === Section XXXIII SURGICAL FAILURES: REOPERATION === | ||
345 | |||
346 | Chapter 167 When to consider surgery of epilepsy a failed surgery | ||
347 | Chapter 168 Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation | ||
348 | Chapter 169 Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery | ||
349 | |||
350 | === SECTION XXXIV: POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT === | ||
351 | |||
352 | Chapter 170 Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy | ||
353 | Chapter 171 Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants | ||
354 | Chapter 172 Post-surgical rehabilitation | ||
355 | |||
356 | |||
357 | |||
358 | = Part SIX: INVESTIGATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TREATMENTS = | ||
359 | |||
360 | === Section XXXV === | ||
361 | |||
362 | Chapter 173 Use of Full-Band EEC for Noninvasive Ictal Localization | ||
363 | Chapter 174 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) | ||
364 | Chapter 175 Flumazenil PET | ||
365 | Chapter 176 Optical Imaging of Human Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
366 | Chapter 177 Radiosurgery for Intractable Epilepsy | ||
367 | Chapter 178 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy | ||
368 | Chapter 179 Prospects for Developing Electrical Stimulation of the Cortex for Treatment of Intractable Seizures | ||
369 | Chapter 180 Focal Cortical Cooling | ||
370 | |||
371 | Part Seven : NEUROPATHOLOGY AND RESEARCH RELATED TO EPILEPSY SURGERY | ||
372 | |||
373 | === Section XXXVI === | ||
374 | |||
375 | Chapter 181 Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
376 | Chapter 182 Pathology of neocortical epilepsy | ||
377 | Chapter 183 Pathology of malformations of cortical development | ||
378 | Chapter 184 etiology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious | ||
379 | and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy | ||
380 | Chapter 185 Etiology of epileptogenic neoplasms | ||
381 | Chapter 186 In vitro neurophysiological studies | ||
382 | Chapter 187 In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy | ||
383 | Chapter 188 Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research |