Part One: HISTORY OF SURGERY OF EPILEPSY
Section I: History of Epilepsy surgery in Western Europe and Nordic countries
Chapter 1: History of epilepsy surgery in UK
Chapter 2: History of epilepsy surgery in France
Chapter 3: History of epilepsy surgery in Germany
Chapter 4: History of epilepsy surgery in Italy
Chapter 5: History of epilepsy surgery in Switzerland
Chapter 6: History of epilepsy surgery in Ireland
Chapter 7: History of epilepsy surgery in Belgium
Chapter 8: History of epilepsy surgery in Netherlands
Chapter 9: History of epilepsy surgery in Austria
Chapter 10: History of epilepsy surgery in Nordic Countries
Section II: History of Epilepsy surgery in North America
Chapter 11: History of epilepsy surgery in USA
Chapter 12: History of epilepsy surgery in Canada
Section III: History of Epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe and Latin America
Chapter 13 History of epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe
Chapter 14 History of epilepsy surgery in Latin America
Section IV: History of Epilepsy surgery in Asia
Chapter 15 History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia
Chapter 16 History of epilepsy surgery in India
Chapter 17 History of epilepsy surgery in Korea
Chapter 18 History of epilepsy surgery in Thailand
Section V: History of Epilepsy surgery in Russia, Africa and Middle east
Chapter 19 History of epilepsy surgery in Russia
Chapter 20 History of epilepsy surgery in Africa
Chapter 21 History of epilepsy surgery in Middle East
Part Two: INTRACTABILITY AND THE SURGICAL CANDIDATE
Section VI Determining Pharmacological Intractability
Chapter 22 Medical intractability in epilepsy
Chapter 23 Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies
Chapter 24 Genetics of the intractable epilepsies
Chapter 25 The Role of New Antiepileptic Medications in the Determination of Intractability
Chapter 26 Intractability in Children and the Role of the Ketogenic Diet
Chapter 27: When to Consider Children with Seizures for Surgery: Role of the Ketogenic diet
Section VII: The Surgical Candidate
Chapter 28 Informed consent
Chapter 29 Patient selection
Chapter 30 Exclusion criteria
Chapter 31 Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life
SECTION VIII: SURGICALLY TREATABLE EPILEPSY SYNDROMES
Chapter 32 Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies
Chapter 33 Mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 34 Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 35 Role of Surgery in MRI-Normal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 36 Premotor and central lobe epilepsy
Chapter 37 Mesial frontal epilepsy
Chapter 38 Basal frontal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 39 Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy
Chapter 40 Insular epilepsy
Chapter 41 Cingulate epilepsy
Chapter 42 Hypothalamic hamartomas
Chapter 43 Early Surgical Intervention in Children, Arguments for and Arguments against
Chapter 44 Cognitive and Psychosocial Benefits of Early Surgical Intervention
Chapter 45 Epilepsy Has Significant Effects on Social and Educational Development: Implications for Surgical Decisions
Chapter 46 Rasmussen syndrome and the Role of Early Surgery in Rasmussen’s Syndrome
Chapter 47 The Landau–Kleffner Syndrome and The Role of surgery.
Chapter 48 The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and The Role of surgery
Chapter 49 Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery
Chapter 50 Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants
Part Three: THE PRESURGICAL WORK UP
Section IX: Presurgical Evaluation
Chapter 51 Pre-surgical evaluation: general principles
SECTION X: THE SYMPTOMATOGENIC ZONE
Chapter 51 The symptomatogenic zone - general principles
Chapter 52 Auras: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 53 Autonomic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
Chapter 54 Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 55 Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 56 Dialeplic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value
Chapter 57 Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value
Chapter 58 Secondary' generalized tonic-clonic seizures
SECTION XI: THE IRRITATIVE ZONE
Chapter 59 The irritative zone: general principles
Chapter 60 Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 61 The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings
Chapter 62 The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone
Chapter 63 Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 64 Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone
Chapter 65 Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering
Chapter 66 Average reference and Laplacian montages
Chapter 67 Automatic detection of epileptic spikes
Chapter 68 Source localization of electroencephalography spikes
Chapter 69 Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines
Chapter 70 Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy
SECTION XII: THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE
Chapter 71 The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats
Chapter 72 Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
Chapter 73 Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations
Chapter 74 Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring
Chapter 75 Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone
Chapter 76 Subdural electrodes
Chapter 77 Stereoelectroencephalography
Chapter 78 DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone
Chapter 79 fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone
Chapter 80 Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone
Chapter 81 Automatic detection of epileptic seizures
Chapter 82 'Preictal' predictors of epileptic seizures
Chapter 83 Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal Electroencephalography
Chapter 84 Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes
SECTION XIII: THE EPILEPTIC LESION
Chapter 85 The epileptogenic lesion: general principles
Chapter 86 Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 87 Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes
Chapter 88 Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms
Chapter 89 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy
Chapter 90 Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities
Chapter 91 Multimodal image processing in pre-surgical planning
SECTION XIV: THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT ZONE
Chapter 92 The functional deficit zone: general principles
Chapter 93 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography
Chapter 94 PET in neocortical epilepsies
Chapter 95 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
Chapter 96 Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits
Chapter 97 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy
Chapter 98 Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy
SECTION XV: PRE-SURGICAL EVALUATION OF ELOQUENT CORTEX
Chapter 99 Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods
Chapter 100 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area
Chapter 101 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory
SECTION XVI: THE EPILEPTOGENIC ZONE
Chapter 102. The epileptogenic zone: general principles
Chapter 103 Wada test and epileptogenic zone
Chapter 104Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone
Section XVII: Integrative Neuropsychology in the Preoperative Workup of the Epilepsy Surgery Patient
Chapter 105 The use of Neuropsychological Testing to Locate the Epileptogenic Zone
Chapter 106 The Wada Test as a Predictor of Memory Outcome
Chapter 107 Review of the Role of the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) in Memory Assessment and Predicting Memory Outcome Following Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
Chapter 108 The value of Wada Test before Temporal Lobectomy
Chapter 109 The value of Wada Test Prior to Mesial Temporal lobe surgery
Section XVIII Neurophysiological Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation
Chapter 110 Sphenoidal Electrodes and their roles Presurgical Evaluations of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 111 The Role of Depth and Subdural Electrodes in the Workup of Surgical Candidates
Chapter 112 The Role of Noninvasive Video-EEG Monitoring
Chapter 113 Ictal Monitoring Is Not Needed in All Temporal Resections for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Chapter 114 Ictal Electroencephalographs Monitoring Before Temporal Resection
Chapter 115 Ictal Semiology and the Presurgical Workup\ Ictal Semiology for Lateralizing Seizures
Section XIX MRI Evaluation in Epilepsy and in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation
Chapter 116 Will fMRI ReplaceVersus the Wada Test
Chapter 117 Preoperative Assessment of Temporal Lobe Function with fMRI
Chapter I18 The Role of MRS in the Evaluation of Patients for Epilepsy Surgery
Section XX Radiotracer Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation
Chapter 119 Overview of PET in Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 120 Review of Uses of PET in the Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 121 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Epilepsy
Chapter 122 The Role of Ictal SPECT in the Presurgical Evaluation of Extratemporal Epilepsy
SECTION XXI: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PLACEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ELECTRODES
Chapter 123 Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery
Chapter 124 Placemen! of subdural grids
Chapter 125 Placement of depth electrodes
Chapter 126 Stereoelectroencephalography
SECTION XXII: CORTICAL MAPPING AND ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY
Chapter 127 General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation
Chapter 128 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas
Chapter 129 Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas
Chapter 130 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans
Chapter 131 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas
Chapter 132 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas
Chapter 133 The role of electrtoencephalogram and magnetoencephalographv synchrony in defining eloquent cortex
Chapter 134 Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials
Chapter 135. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex
Chapter 136 Cortical mapping by intra-operative optical imaging
Chapter 137 Functional localization of the cortex with depth electrodes
Chapter 138 Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography
Part Four: SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Section XXIII RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR EPILEPSY
Chapter 137 Resective Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 138
Chapter 138a Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Chapter 138b Language Mapping for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 138c: Review of Language Mapping Procedures for Temporal Resections
Chapter 138d: Language Mapping Is Necessary for Language-Dominant Temporal Resections
Chapter 138e: When Is Language Mapping Needed for Temporal Resections?
Chapter 138f Intraoperative Electrocorticography in the Temporal Resection
Chapter 138g: Description of the Electrocorticographic Technique for Tailored Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 138K: The Entorhinal Cortex in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Chapter 138L: It Is Necessary to Include the Entorhinal Cortex in the Temporal Resection
Chapter 139 The Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy
Chapter 139a: Review of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Techniques
Chapter 140: The Role of Surgery in Bitemporal Epilepsy
Chapter 141 Can Resection Ever Be Done in the Language Dominant Hemisphere in Patients with Intact Memory?
Chapter 142 Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy in the Language-Dominant Hemisphere with Normal Recent Memory on Modified Wada Test
Chapter 143 Resective neocortical techniques and lesionectomies in adults
Chapter 143a Resective neocortical techniques in adults
Chapter 143b What Is the Best Way to Resect Lesions?
Chapter 143c Lesionectomy Is Often Adequate for Neocortical Epilepsy
Chapter 143d: Lesionectomies Should Be Tailored Based on Ictal Recording
Chapter 144 Resective neocortical techniques in children
Chapter 145 Epilepsy and vascular malformations
Chapter 145a spectrum of lesions and strategies for management
Chapter 146 Hemispherectomy techniques
Chapter 146a Historical prespective
Chapter 146b Hemispherectomy: What Is the Best Surgical Approach?
Chapter 146c Functional Hemispherectomy
Chapter 146d Peri-insular Hemispherotomy
Chapter 146e Hemispherical Deafferentation via the Trans-sylvian Keyhole
Chapter 146g Hemicorticectomy
Section XXIV: NON RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND ELECTRICAL
OR MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT
Chapter 147 Corpus Callosotomy: Indications, Surgical Procedures, and Outcomes
Chapter 147a Corpus Callosotomy: Its Place in Modern Surgical Decision Making
Chapter 147b Indications for Corpus Callosum
Chapter 148 Multiple Subpial Transections
Chapter 148a Are Multiple Suhpial Transections Effective and Useful?
Chapter 148b: Multiple Suhpial Transections: A Review and Arguments for Use
Chapter 148c: Multiple Subpial Transections Are Not Effective or Useful
Chapter 148d: Surgical disconnections of the epileptic zone as an alternative to lobectomy in
pharmacoresistent epilepsy
Section XXV: Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Chapter 149
Chapter 149a History and Overview
Chapter 149b Vagus Nerve Stimulation experimental data
Chapter 149c Vagus Nerve Stimulation human data
Chapter 149d Surgical techniques and complications
Chapter 149e The Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relative to Other Medical and Surgical Treatments
Chapter 149g Should VNS Be Considered Before Corpus Callosotomy?
Chapter 149h Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Effective for Generalized Epilepsy
Chapter 149i The Antiseizure Effect of VNS Is Mediated by Ascending Pathways
Section XXVI Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy
Section 150 MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT
Section 150a Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Part Five OUTCOMES OF EPILEPSY SURGERY
Section XXVII Outcome Measurement
Chapter 151 What Is the Best Way to Measure Outcome?
Chapter 151a Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Measurement Requires Comprehensive Assessment
Chapter 152 How Often Does Surgery "Cure" Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults?
Chapter 153 Altered Ictal Semiology as an Outcome of Temporal Resection
Section XXVIII Outcomes of temporal lobe Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 154 Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
Chapter 155 The Role of prospective Randomized, Controlled Trials in Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 156 Surgical Outcome of MRI-Normal Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Section XXIX Outcomes of Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery
Chapter 157 Outcome of Neurosurgical Treatment in Nonlesional Extratemporal Epilepsy
Chapter 158 The Limited Role of Resective Surgery in Nonlesional Neocortical Epilepsy
Section XXX Psychosocial and Vocational Outcomes:
Chapter 159 A Perspective on Patient Rehabilitation
Chapter 160 Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery
Chapter 161 Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome
Chapter 162 Neuropsychological outcome
Section XXXI Outcome of epilepsy surgery in children
Chapter 163 Resective surgery in children
Chapter 164 Hemispherotomy: post-surgical seizure frequency
Chapter 165 Does timing of surgery influences the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children
Section XXXII Complications as Outcome
Chapter 166 Sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients after epilepsy surgery
Chapter 167 Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
Chapter 168 Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications
Section XXXIII SURGICAL FAILURES: REOPERATION
Chapter 167 When to consider surgery of epilepsy a failed surgery
Chapter 168 Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation
Chapter 169 Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery
SECTION XXXIV: POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Chapter 170 Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy
Chapter 171 Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants
Chapter 172 Post-surgical rehabilitation
Part SIX: INVESTIGATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TREATMENTS
Section XXXV
Chapter 173 Use of Full-Band EEC for Noninvasive Ictal Localization
Chapter 174 Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Chapter 175 Flumazenil PET
Chapter 176 Optical Imaging of Human Neocortical Epilepsy
Chapter 177 Radiosurgery for Intractable Epilepsy
Chapter 178 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy
Chapter 179 Prospects for Developing Electrical Stimulation of the Cortex for Treatment of Intractable Seizures
Chapter 180 Focal Cortical Cooling
Part Seven : NEUROPATHOLOGY AND RESEARCH RELATED TO EPILEPSY SURGERY
Section XXXVI
Chapter 181 Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis
Chapter 182 Pathology of neocortical epilepsy
Chapter 183 Pathology of malformations of cortical development
Chapter 184 etiology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious
and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy
Chapter 185 Etiology of epileptogenic neoplasms
Chapter 186 In vitro neurophysiological studies
Chapter 187 In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy
Chapter 188 Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research