Wiki source code of Volume V: Surgery for Epilepsy
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| author | version | line-number | content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | =Part One: HISTORY OF SURGERY OF EPILEPSY= | ||
| 2 | ===Section I: History of Epilepsy surgery in Western Europe and Nordic countries=== | ||
| 3 | Chapter 1: [[History of epilepsy surgery in UK>>SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInUK]] | ||
| 4 | Chapter 2: [[History of epilepsy surgery in France>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInFrance]] | ||
| 5 | Chapter 3: [[History of epilepsy surgery in Germany>> SurgeryForEpilepsy.HistoryOfEpilepsySurgeryInGermany]] | ||
| 6 | Chapter 4: History of epilepsy surgery in Italy | ||
| 7 | Chapter 5: History of epilepsy surgery in Switzerland | ||
| 8 | Chapter 6: History of epilepsy surgery in Ireland | ||
| 9 | Chapter 7: History of epilepsy surgery in Belgium | ||
| 10 | Chapter 8: History of epilepsy surgery in Netherlands | ||
| 11 | Chapter 9: History of epilepsy surgery in Austria | ||
| 12 | Chapter 10: History of epilepsy surgery in Nordic Countries | ||
| 13 | |||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | ===Section II: History of Epilepsy surgery in North America=== | ||
| 16 | Chapter 11: History of epilepsy surgery in USA | ||
| 17 | Chapter 12: History of epilepsy surgery in Canada | ||
| 18 | |||
| 19 | ===Section III: History of Epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe and Latin America=== | ||
| 20 | Chapter 13 History of epilepsy surgery in Eastern Europe | ||
| 21 | Chapter 14 History of epilepsy surgery in Latin America | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | ===Section IV: History of Epilepsy surgery in Asia=== | ||
| 24 | Chapter 15 History of epilepsy surgery in Southeast Asia | ||
| 25 | Chapter 16 History of epilepsy surgery in India | ||
| 26 | Chapter 17 History of epilepsy surgery in Korea | ||
| 27 | Chapter 18 History of epilepsy surgery in Thailand | ||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | ===Section V: History of Epilepsy surgery in Russia, Africa and Middle east=== | ||
| 30 | Chapter 19 History of epilepsy surgery in Russia | ||
| 31 | Chapter 20 History of epilepsy surgery in Africa | ||
| 32 | Chapter 21 History of epilepsy surgery in Middle East | ||
| 33 | |||
| 34 | |||
| 35 | =Part Two: INTRACTABILITY AND THE SURGICAL CANDIDATE= | ||
| 36 | ===Section VI Determining Pharmacological Intractability=== | ||
| 37 | Chapter 22 Medical intractability in epilepsy | ||
| 38 | Chapter 23 Epidemiology of the intractable generalized epilepsies | ||
| 39 | Chapter 24 Genetics of the intractable epilepsies | ||
| 40 | Chapter 25 The Role of New Antiepileptic Medications in the Determination of Intractability | ||
| 41 | Chapter 26 Intractability in Children and the Role of the Ketogenic Diet | ||
| 42 | Chapter 27: When to Consider Children with Seizures for Surgery: Role of the Ketogenic diet | ||
| 43 | |||
| 44 | ===Section VII: The Surgical Candidate=== | ||
| 45 | Chapter 28 Informed consent | ||
| 46 | Chapter 29 Patient selection | ||
| 47 | Chapter 30 Exclusion criteria | ||
| 48 | Chapter 31 Epilepsy surgery: access, costs, and quality of life | ||
| 49 | |||
| 50 | ===SECTION VIII: SURGICALLY TREATABLE EPILEPSY SYNDROMES=== | ||
| 51 | Chapter 32 Classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies | ||
| 52 | Chapter 33 Mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
| 53 | Chapter 34 Neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy | ||
| 54 | Chapter 35 Role of Surgery in MRI-Normal Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 55 | Chapter 36 Premotor and central lobe epilepsy | ||
| 56 | Chapter 37 Mesial frontal epilepsy | ||
| 57 | Chapter 38 Basal frontal lobe epilepsy | ||
| 58 | Chapter 39 Parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy | ||
| 59 | Chapter 40 Insular epilepsy | ||
| 60 | Chapter 41 Cingulate epilepsy | ||
| 61 | Chapter 42 Hypothalamic hamartomas | ||
| 62 | Chapter 43 Early Surgical Intervention in Children, Arguments for and Arguments against | ||
| 63 | Chapter 44 Cognitive and Psychosocial Benefits of Early Surgical Intervention | ||
| 64 | Chapter 45 Epilepsy Has Significant Effects on Social and Educational Development: Implications for Surgical Decisions | ||
| 65 | Chapter 46 Rasmussen syndrome and the Role of Early Surgery in Rasmussen’s Syndrome | ||
| 66 | Chapter 47 The Landau–Kleffner Syndrome and The Role of surgery. | ||
| 67 | Chapter 48 The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and The Role of surgery | ||
| 68 | Chapter 49 Medically intractable epilepsies not remediable by surgery | ||
| 69 | Chapter 50 Special characteristics of surgically remediable epilepsies in infants | ||
| 70 | |||
| 71 | |||
| 72 | =Part Three: THE PRESURGICAL WORK UP= | ||
| 73 | ===Section IX: Presurgical Evaluation=== | ||
| 74 | Chapter 51 Pre-surgical evaluation: general principles | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | ===SECTION X: THE SYMPTOMATOGENIC ZONE=== | ||
| 77 | Chapter 51 The symptomatogenic zone - general principles | ||
| 78 | Chapter 52 Auras: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
| 79 | Chapter 53 Autonomic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value | ||
| 80 | Chapter 54 Simple motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
| 81 | Chapter 55 Complex motor seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
| 82 | Chapter 56 Dialeplic seizures: localizing and laleralizing value | ||
| 83 | Chapter 57 Special seizures: localizing and lateralizing value | ||
| 84 | Chapter 58 Secondary' generalized tonic-clonic seizures | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | ===SECTION XI: THE IRRITATIVE ZONE=== | ||
| 87 | Chapter 59 The irritative zone: general principles | ||
| 88 | Chapter 60 Noninvasive electroencephalography evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
| 89 | Chapter 61 The irritative zone evaluated with invasive recordings | ||
| 90 | Chapter 62 The significance of interictal fast ripples in the evaluation of the epileptogenic zone | ||
| 91 | Chapter 63 Magnetoencephalography in the evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
| 92 | Chapter 64 Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the irritative zone | ||
| 93 | Chapter 65 Digital tools for reviewing the electroencephalogram: montage reformatting and filtering | ||
| 94 | Chapter 66 Average reference and Laplacian montages | ||
| 95 | Chapter 67 Automatic detection of epileptic spikes | ||
| 96 | Chapter 68 Source localization of electroencephalography spikes | ||
| 97 | Chapter 69 Antiepileptic drug withdrawal in presurgical evaluation: advantages, disadvantages, and guidelines | ||
| 98 | Chapter 70 Effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on seizures and the electroencephalography in epilepsy | ||
| 99 | |||
| 100 | ===SECTION XII: THE ICTAL ONSET ZONE=== | ||
| 101 | Chapter 71 The ictal onset zone: general principles, pitfalls, and caveats | ||
| 102 | Chapter 72 Noninvasive electroencephalography in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone | ||
| 103 | Chapter 73 Indications for invasive electroencephalography evaluations | ||
| 104 | Chapter 74 Invasive electrodes in long-term monitoring | ||
| 105 | Chapter 75 Foramen ovale and epidural electrodes in the definition of the seizure onset zone | ||
| 106 | Chapter 76 Subdural electrodes | ||
| 107 | Chapter 77 Stereoelectroencephalography | ||
| 108 | Chapter 78 DC recordings to localize the ictal onset zone | ||
| 109 | Chapter 79 fMRI in the evaluation of the ictal onset zone | ||
| 110 | Chapter 80 Ictal SPECT in the definition of the seizure onset zone | ||
| 111 | Chapter 81 Automatic detection of epileptic seizures | ||
| 112 | Chapter 82 'Preictal' predictors of epileptic seizures | ||
| 113 | Chapter 83 Effect of anticonvulsant withdrawal on seizure semiology and ictal Electroencephalography | ||
| 114 | Chapter 84 Zone of electrical stimulation induced seizures in subdural electrodes | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | ===SECTION XIII: THE EPILEPTIC LESION=== | ||
| 117 | Chapter 85 The epileptogenic lesion: general principles | ||
| 118 | Chapter 86 Magnetic resonance imaging in epilepsy: mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
| 119 | Chapter 87 Magnetic resonance imaging in neurocutaneous syndromes | ||
| 120 | Chapter 88 Magnetic resonance imaging in epileptogenic neoplasms | ||
| 121 | Chapter 89 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with epilepsy | ||
| 122 | Chapter 90 Post-processing of the magnetic resonance imaging to better define structural abnormalities | ||
| 123 | Chapter 91 Multimodal image processing in pre-surgical planning | ||
| 124 | |||
| 125 | ===SECTION XIV: THE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT ZONE=== | ||
| 126 | Chapter 92 The functional deficit zone: general principles | ||
| 127 | Chapter 93 Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and positron emission tomography | ||
| 128 | Chapter 94 PET in neocortical epilepsies | ||
| 129 | Chapter 95 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup: risk factors for post-surgical deficits | ||
| 130 | Chapter 96 Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations: risk factors for post-surgical deficits | ||
| 131 | Chapter 97 Pre-surgical neuropsychological workup in children and intellectually disabled adults with epilepsy | ||
| 132 | Chapter 98 Event-related potentials in patients with epilepsy | ||
| 133 | |||
| 134 | ===SECTION XV: PRE-SURGICAL EVALUATION OF ELOQUENT CORTEX=== | ||
| 135 | Chapter 99 Eloquent cortex and tracts: overview and noninvasive evaluation methods | ||
| 136 | Chapter 100 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of the motor area | ||
| 137 | Chapter 101 Noninvasive tests to define lateralization or localization of memory | ||
| 138 | |||
| 139 | ===SECTION XVI: THE EPILEPTOGENIC ZONE=== | ||
| 140 | Chapter 102. The epileptogenic zone: general principles | ||
| 141 | Chapter 103 Wada test and epileptogenic zone | ||
| 142 | Chapter 104Future methods for the direct assessment of the epileptogenic zone | ||
| 143 | |||
| 144 | ===Section XVII: Integrative Neuropsychology in the Preoperative Workup of the Epilepsy Surgery Patient=== | ||
| 145 | Chapter 105 The use of Neuropsychological Testing to Locate the Epileptogenic Zone | ||
| 146 | Chapter 106 The Wada Test as a Predictor of Memory Outcome | ||
| 147 | Chapter 107 Review of the Role of the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) in Memory Assessment and Predicting Memory Outcome Following Anterior Temporal Lobectomy | ||
| 148 | Chapter 108 The value of Wada Test before Temporal Lobectomy | ||
| 149 | Chapter 109 The value of Wada Test Prior to Mesial Temporal lobe surgery | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | ===Section XVIII Neurophysiological Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
| 152 | Chapter 110 Sphenoidal Electrodes and their roles Presurgical Evaluations of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 153 | Chapter 111 The Role of Depth and Subdural Electrodes in the Workup of Surgical Candidates | ||
| 154 | Chapter 112 The Role of Noninvasive Video-EEG Monitoring | ||
| 155 | Chapter 113 Ictal Monitoring Is Not Needed in All Temporal Resections for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | ||
| 156 | Chapter 114 Ictal Electroencephalographs Monitoring Before Temporal Resection | ||
| 157 | Chapter 115 Ictal Semiology and the Presurgical Workup\ Ictal Semiology for Lateralizing Seizures | ||
| 158 | |||
| 159 | ===Section XIX MRI Evaluation in Epilepsy and in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
| 160 | Chapter 116 Will fMRI ReplaceVersus the Wada Test | ||
| 161 | Chapter 117 Preoperative Assessment of Temporal Lobe Function with fMRI | ||
| 162 | Chapter I18 The Role of MRS in the Evaluation of Patients for Epilepsy Surgery | ||
| 163 | |||
| 164 | ===Section XX Radiotracer Studies in the Epilepsy Presurgical Evaluation === | ||
| 165 | Chapter 119 Overview of PET in Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery | ||
| 166 | Chapter 120 Review of Uses of PET in the Evaluation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 167 | Chapter 121 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Epilepsy | ||
| 168 | Chapter 122 The Role of Ictal SPECT in the Presurgical Evaluation of Extratemporal Epilepsy | ||
| 169 | |||
| 170 | ===SECTION XXI: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PLACEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL ELECTRODES=== | ||
| 171 | Chapter 123 Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery | ||
| 172 | Chapter 124 Placemen! of subdural grids | ||
| 173 | Chapter 125 Placement of depth electrodes | ||
| 174 | Chapter 126 Stereoelectroencephalography | ||
| 175 | |||
| 176 | ===SECTION XXII: CORTICAL MAPPING AND ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY=== | ||
| 177 | Chapter 127 General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation | ||
| 178 | Chapter 128 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas | ||
| 179 | Chapter 129 Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas | ||
| 180 | Chapter 130 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in humans | ||
| 181 | Chapter 131 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas | ||
| 182 | Chapter 132 Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas | ||
| 183 | Chapter 133 The role of electrtoencephalogram and magnetoencephalographv synchrony in defining eloquent cortex | ||
| 184 | Chapter 134 Cortical mapping using evoked potentials and Bereitschaftspotentials | ||
| 185 | Chapter 135. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials to define eloquent cortex | ||
| 186 | Chapter 136 Cortical mapping by intra-operative optical imaging | ||
| 187 | Chapter 137 Functional localization of the cortex with depth electrodes | ||
| 188 | Chapter 138 Intraoperative cortical mapping and intraoperative electrocorticography | ||
| 189 | |||
| 190 | |||
| 191 | =Part Four: SURGICAL PROCEDURES= | ||
| 192 | ===Section XXIII RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR EPILEPSY=== | ||
| 193 | Chapter 137 Resective Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 194 | =====Chapter 138===== | ||
| 195 | Chapter 138a Resective surgical techniques: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy | ||
| 196 | Chapter 138b Language Mapping for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 197 | Chapter 138c: Review of Language Mapping Procedures for Temporal Resections | ||
| 198 | Chapter 138d: Language Mapping Is Necessary for Language-Dominant Temporal Resections | ||
| 199 | Chapter 138e: When Is Language Mapping Needed for Temporal Resections? | ||
| 200 | Chapter 138f Intraoperative Electrocorticography in the Temporal Resection | ||
| 201 | Chapter 138g: Description of the Electrocorticographic Technique for Tailored Mesial Temporal Epilepsy Surgery | ||
| 202 | Chapter 138K: The Entorhinal Cortex in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 203 | Chapter 138L: It Is Necessary to Include the Entorhinal Cortex in the Temporal Resection | ||
| 204 | |||
| 205 | =====Chapter 139 The Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy===== | ||
| 206 | Chapter 139a: Review of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Techniques | ||
| 207 | |||
| 208 | Chapter 140: The Role of Surgery in Bitemporal Epilepsy | ||
| 209 | Chapter 141 Can Resection Ever Be Done in the Language Dominant Hemisphere in Patients with Intact Memory? | ||
| 210 | Chapter 142 Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy in the Language-Dominant Hemisphere with Normal Recent Memory on Modified Wada Test | ||
| 211 | =====Chapter 143 Resective neocortical techniques and lesionectomies in adults===== | ||
| 212 | Chapter 143a Resective neocortical techniques in adults | ||
| 213 | Chapter 143b What Is the Best Way to Resect Lesions? | ||
| 214 | Chapter 143c Lesionectomy Is Often Adequate for Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
| 215 | Chapter 143d: Lesionectomies Should Be Tailored Based on Ictal Recording | ||
| 216 | |||
| 217 | Chapter 144 Resective neocortical techniques in children | ||
| 218 | =====Chapter 145 Epilepsy and vascular malformations===== | ||
| 219 | Chapter 145a spectrum of lesions and strategies for management | ||
| 220 | |||
| 221 | =====Chapter 146 Hemispherectomy techniques===== | ||
| 222 | Chapter 146a Historical prespective | ||
| 223 | Chapter 146b Hemispherectomy: What Is the Best Surgical Approach? | ||
| 224 | Chapter 146c Functional Hemispherectomy | ||
| 225 | Chapter 146d Peri-insular Hemispherotomy | ||
| 226 | Chapter 146e Hemispherical Deafferentation via the Trans-sylvian Keyhole | ||
| 227 | Chapter 146g Hemicorticectomy | ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | ===Section XXIV: NON RESECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND ELECTRICAL | ||
| 230 | OR MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT=== | ||
| 231 | =====Chapter 147 Corpus Callosotomy: Indications, Surgical Procedures, and Outcomes ===== | ||
| 232 | Chapter 147a Corpus Callosotomy: Its Place in Modern Surgical Decision Making | ||
| 233 | Chapter 147b Indications for Corpus Callosum | ||
| 234 | |||
| 235 | =====Chapter 148 Multiple Subpial Transections===== | ||
| 236 | Chapter 148a Are Multiple Suhpial Transections Effective and Useful? | ||
| 237 | Chapter 148b: Multiple Suhpial Transections: A Review and Arguments for Use | ||
| 238 | Chapter 148c: Multiple Subpial Transections Are Not Effective or Useful | ||
| 239 | Chapter 148d: Surgical disconnections of the epileptic zone as an alternative to lobectomy in | ||
| 240 | pharmacoresistent epilepsy | ||
| 241 | |||
| 242 | ===Section XXV: Vagus Nerve Stimulation=== | ||
| 243 | =====Chapter 149===== | ||
| 244 | Chapter 149a History and Overview | ||
| 245 | Chapter 149b Vagus Nerve Stimulation experimental data | ||
| 246 | Chapter 149c Vagus Nerve Stimulation human data | ||
| 247 | Chapter 149d Surgical techniques and complications | ||
| 248 | Chapter 149e The Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Relative to Other Medical and Surgical Treatments | ||
| 249 | Chapter 149g Should VNS Be Considered Before Corpus Callosotomy? | ||
| 250 | Chapter 149h Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy Effective for Generalized Epilepsy | ||
| 251 | Chapter 149i The Antiseizure Effect of VNS Is Mediated by Ascending Pathways | ||
| 252 | |||
| 253 | ===Section XXVI Radiosurgical treatment of epilepsy=== | ||
| 254 | Section 150 MAGNETIC STIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY TREATMENT | ||
| 255 | Section 150a Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation | ||
| 256 | |||
| 257 | |||
| 258 | =Part Five OUTCOMES OF EPILEPSY SURGERY= | ||
| 259 | ===Section XXVII Outcome Measurement === | ||
| 260 | =====Chapter 151 What Is the Best Way to Measure Outcome? ===== | ||
| 261 | Chapter 151a Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Measurement Requires Comprehensive Assessment | ||
| 262 | |||
| 263 | Chapter 152 How Often Does Surgery "Cure" Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults? | ||
| 264 | Chapter 153 Altered Ictal Semiology as an Outcome of Temporal Resection | ||
| 265 | |||
| 266 | ===Section XXVIII Outcomes of temporal lobe Epilepsy Surgery=== | ||
| 267 | Chapter 154 Mesial temporal lobectomy: post-surgical seizure frequency | ||
| 268 | Chapter 155 The Role of prospective Randomized, Controlled Trials in Epilepsy Surgery | ||
| 269 | Chapter 156 Surgical Outcome of MRI-Normal Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | ||
| 270 | |||
| 271 | ===Section XXIX Outcomes of Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery === | ||
| 272 | Chapter 157 Outcome of Neurosurgical Treatment in Nonlesional Extratemporal Epilepsy | ||
| 273 | Chapter 158 The Limited Role of Resective Surgery in Nonlesional Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
| 274 | |||
| 275 | ===Section XXX Psychosocial and Vocational Outcomes: === | ||
| 276 | Chapter 159 A Perspective on Patient Rehabilitation | ||
| 277 | Chapter 160 Psychiatric outcome of epilepsy surgery | ||
| 278 | Chapter 161 Psychosocial outcome and quality of life outcome | ||
| 279 | Chapter 162 Neuropsychological outcome | ||
| 280 | |||
| 281 | ===Section XXXI Outcome of epilepsy surgery in children=== | ||
| 282 | Chapter 163 Resective surgery in children | ||
| 283 | Chapter 164 Hemispherotomy: post-surgical seizure frequency | ||
| 284 | Chapter 165 Does timing of surgery influences the outcome of epilepsy surgery in children | ||
| 285 | |||
| 286 | ===Section XXXII Complications as Outcome === | ||
| 287 | Chapter 166 Sudden unexpected death in epileptic patients after epilepsy surgery | ||
| 288 | Chapter 167 Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: surgical complications | ||
| 289 | Chapter 168 Neocortical focal epilepsy surgery: surgical complications | ||
| 290 | |||
| 291 | ===Section XXXIII SURGICAL FAILURES: REOPERATION=== | ||
| 292 | Chapter 167 When to consider surgery of epilepsy a failed surgery | ||
| 293 | Chapter 168 Surgical failures: pre-surgical evaluation | ||
| 294 | Chapter 169 Reoperation after failed epilepsy surgery | ||
| 295 | |||
| 296 | ===SECTION XXXIV: POST-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT=== | ||
| 297 | Chapter 170 Early post-surgical management of patients with epilepsy | ||
| 298 | Chapter 171 Post-surgical pharmacotherapy: discontinuation of anticonvulsants | ||
| 299 | Chapter 172 Post-surgical rehabilitation | ||
| 300 | |||
| 301 | |||
| 302 | =Part SIX: INVESTIGATIONAL PROCEDURES AND TREATMENTS = | ||
| 303 | ===Section XXXV=== | ||
| 304 | Chapter 173 Use of Full-Band EEC for Noninvasive Ictal Localization | ||
| 305 | Chapter 174 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) | ||
| 306 | Chapter 175 Flumazenil PET | ||
| 307 | Chapter 176 Optical Imaging of Human Neocortical Epilepsy | ||
| 308 | Chapter 177 Radiosurgery for Intractable Epilepsy | ||
| 309 | Chapter 178 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy | ||
| 310 | Chapter 179 Prospects for Developing Electrical Stimulation of the Cortex for Treatment of Intractable Seizures | ||
| 311 | Chapter 180 Focal Cortical Cooling | ||
| 312 | |||
| 313 | Part Seven : NEUROPATHOLOGY AND RESEARCH RELATED TO EPILEPSY SURGERY | ||
| 314 | ===Section XXXVI=== | ||
| 315 | Chapter 181 Neuropathology of mesial temporal sclerosis | ||
| 316 | Chapter 182 Pathology of neocortical epilepsy | ||
| 317 | Chapter 183 Pathology of malformations of cortical development | ||
| 318 | Chapter 184 etiology of neurocutaneous abnormalities, vascular abnormalities: post-infectious | ||
| 319 | and post-traumatic pathologies associated with epilepsy | ||
| 320 | Chapter 185 Etiology of epileptogenic neoplasms | ||
| 321 | Chapter 186 In vitro neurophysiological studies | ||
| 322 | Chapter 187 In vitro cytochemical studies in epilepsy | ||
| 323 | Chapter 188 Animal models of epilepsy with special reference to models relevant for transitional research |